Praça do Comércio
Commerce Square
The Praça do Comércio : Commerce Square is located in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. Situated near the Tagus river, the square is still commonly known as Terreiro do Paço ; Palace Square), because it was the location of the Royal Ribeira Palace (Paços da Ribeira) until it was destroyed by the great 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. After the earthquake, the square was completely remodelled as part of the rebuilding of the Pombaline Downtown ordered by the Marquis of Pombal.
Urban development of the banks of the Tagus (the Ribeira) was given a definitive
impulse in the early 1500s, when King Manuel I built a new royal residence - the
Ribeira Palace - by the river, outside the city walls. The area was further
developed with the building of a port, ship building facilities (the Ribeira das
Naus), the Casa da India and other administrative buildings that regulated the
commerce between Portugal and other parts of Europe and its colonies in Africa,
Asia and America.
Statue of King José I, by Machado de Castro (1775). The King on his horse is symbolically crushing snakes on his path.
On November 1, 1755, during the reign of King José I, a great earthquake followed by a tsunami and fire destroyed most of Lisbon, including the Ribeira Palace and other buildings by the river. José I's Prime Minister, the Marquis of Pombal, coordinated a massive rebuilding effort in the enlightened spirit of the time. The Royal Palace was not to be rebuilt, and the square was given a regular, rational arrangement in line with the reconstruction of the new Pombaline Downtown, the Baixa.
The large square (170 m by 170m) in front of the Ribeira Palace, called Terreiro
do Paço (Palace Square), was rebuilt following the symmetrical design of
Portuguese architect Eugénio dos Santos. He designed a large, rectangular square
in the shape of an "U", open towards the Tagus river. The buildings have
galleries on their ground floors, and the arms of the "U" end in two large
towers, reminiscent of the monumental tower of the destroyed Ribeira Palace,
still vivid in the architectonic memory of the city. His plan was realized
almost completely, although decorative details were changed and the east tower
of the square and the Augusta Street Arch were only finished in the 19th
century.
The square was named Praça do Comércio, the Square of Commerce, to indicate its
new function in the economy of Lisbon. The symmetrical buildings of the square
were filled with government bureaus that regulated customs and port activities.
The main piece of the ensemble was the equestrian statue of King José I,
inaugurated in 1775 in the centre of the square. This bronze statue, the first
monumental statue dedicated to a King in Lisbon, was designed by Joaquim Machado
de Castro, Portugal's foremost sculptor of the time.
Arco da Rua Augusta
Opening towards the Augusta Street, which links the square with the other traditional Lisbon square, the Rossio, the original project by Eugénio dos Santos planned a triumphal arch, only realized in 1875. This arch, usually called the Arco da Rua Augusta, was designed by Veríssimo da Costa. It has a clock and statues of the Glory, Ingenuity and Valour (by the French sculptor Camels) and those of Viriatus, Nuno Álvares Pereira, Vasco da Gama and, of course, the Marquis of Pombal.
On February 1, 1908 the square was the scene of the assassination of Carlos I,
the penultimate King of Portugal. On their way back from the palace of Vila
Viçosa to the royal palace in Lisbon, the carriage with Carlos I and his family
passed through the Terreiro do Paço. While crossing the square, shots were fired
from the crowd by at least two men: Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça. The king
died immediately, his heir Luís Filipe was mortally wounded, and Prince Manuel
was hit in the arm. The assassins were shot on the spot by members of the
bodyguard and later recognized as members of the Republican Party - which two
years later overthrew the Portuguese monarchy.
Text from Wikipedia
art on Augusta Street
flowers on Augusta Street
music on Augusta Street
an enthralled listener
musical group
pay the dog
one man music
mime
sweeping up Augusta Street
the red trolley
start your sightseeing at Commerce Square
bookmobile on Commerce Square
looking over Commerce Square
where folk groups perform
a pediment guardian