Lake Gatun
Gatun Dam
Gatun Lake (Sp. Lago Gatún) is a large artificial lake situated in the Republic of Panama; it forms a major part of the Panama Canal, carrying ships for 33 km (20 miles) of their transit across the Isthmus of Panama.
The lake was created between 1907 and 1913 by the building of the Gatun Dam
across the Chagres River. At the time it was created, Gatun Lake was the largest
man-made lake in the world, and the dam was the largest earth dam.
power house
The lake is situated in the valley of the Chagres River and is a popular tourist destination. It was formed, and the river widened and deepened, by the construction of the Gatun Dam about 10 km (6 miles) from the river's mouth in the Caribbean Sea in 1907–1913.The geography of the area was ideal for the creation of a large lake here; the hills bordering the valley of the Chagres open up widely around the area of the lake, but come together to form a gap just over 2 km (1.4 miles) wide at the location of the dam. The damming of the river flooded the originally wooded valley; almost a century later, the stumps of old mahogany trees can still be seen rising from the water, and submerged snags form a hazard for any small vessels that wander off the marked channels.
water leaving the lake
Gatun Lake has an area of 425 km² (164 square miles) at its normal level of 26 m (85 ft) above sea level; it stores 5.2 cubic kilometers (183,000,000,000 ft³) of water, which is about as much as the Chagres River brings down in an average year.
With the creation of the lake many hilltops became islands. The biggest and best
known of them is Barro Colorado Island,
home of the world famous Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI).
The lake has given its name to the Gatun structure, which may be an eroded
impact crater.
note the ship passing in the lake behind the dam
Southbound sailboats entering the Banana Cut on Lake Gatún have their sails set to get a boost from the trade winds.
Gatun Lake forms a major component of the Panama Canal; the lake, including the
flooded arm extending up the Chagres River, makes up 32.7 km (20.3 miles) of the
raised part of the waterway, the other part being the 12.6 km (7.8 miles)
Gaillard Cut.
the spillway
The canal follows a clearly marked route around the lake's islands, following the deeper water south from Gatun Locks, and then east. A small "shortcut" channel, the "Banana Cut", runs between the islands, providing a slightly shorter route through the lake; this is used by canal launches and yachts to cut a little time off the crossing, and to avoid the heavy ship traffic.
the warning
The lake is also important as a
reservoir of water for the operation of the canal locks. Each time a ship
transits the canal, 202,000 m³ (53 million U.S. gallons) of water is passed from
the lake into the sea; with over 14,000 vessel transits per year, this
represents a very large demand for water. Since rainfall is seasonal in Panama,
the lake acts as a water store, allowing the canal to continue operation through
the dry season.
the bridge over the spillway
A major factor in water regulation is the ability of the rainforest in the lake's watershed to absorb rainfall, releasing it gradually into the lake. However, significant deforestation of the watershed has cleared away much of the vegetation, and reduced the area's water capacity. This has resulted in falling water levels in the lake during the dry season. Coupled with the massive increase in canal traffic since its opening, and the resultant increase in water usage, this is an ongoing problem for the canal.
Text from Wikipedia
On the Islands of Lake Gatun
exploring the islands
spider monkey
iguana
termites
three toed slough
Giaconda
another slough
